Glossaries

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Word List

We have compiled this word list because the translation of Tibetan terms has yet to be standardized and readers may encounter alternative translations of key terms in other texts and teachings. To aid readers unfamiliar with the Wylie system of transliteration, we have included phoneticized equivalents of the terms according to the Kham dialects of eastern Tibet. When more than one English translation is given for a single Tibetan term, the entry listed first is the most common version. If several versions are equally common, they are listed separately. Some terms are not listed individually but can be found in an idiomatic expression (for example, “ description” is listed under the idiom ubeyond description, imagination, or expression” ). Some of the translations occur only in negative constructions (for example, “indepen- dent nature” is found under “ without independent nature” ).


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
abandon spong ba སྤོང་བ་ pong wa
abide, remain, dwell gnas pa གནས་པ་ nay pa
acceptance and rejection, value judgments blang dor བླང་དོར་ lang dor
accomplished grub pa གྲུབ་པ་ drūp pa
achieve, achievement sgrub pa སྒྲུབ་པ་ drūp pa
adornment rgyan རྒྱན་ jen
adventitious distortions glo bur gyi dri ma གློ་བུར་གྱི་དྲི་མ་ lo būr ji dri ma


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
affirmation and denial rtag chad རྟག་ཆད་ tak chay
afflictive emotions nyon mongs pa ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ nyön mōng pa
all-consuming concepts / thought patterns kun rtog ཀུན་རྟོག་ kūn tōk
all-creating kun byed ཀུན་བྱེད་ kūn jay
all-embracing seal rgyas 'debs རྒྱས་འདེབས་ jay dep
apparent / manifest (sense) objects yul snang ཡུལ་སྣང་ yūl nang
apparent yet empty snang stong སྣང་སྟོང་ nang tōng
arise 'char ba འཆར་བ་ char wa
attributes mtshan nyid མཚན་ཉིད་ tsen nyi
authentic bden pa, yang dag pa བདེན་པ་ ཡང་དག་པ་ den pa, yang dak pa
awakened mind byang chub kyi sems བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་ jang chūp chi sem
awareness rig pa རིག་པ་ rik pa
awareness’s own manifestations rang snang རང་སྣང་ rang nang
bare,pure and simple zang ka ཟང་ཀ་ zang ka
basic space of phenomena (Skt. dharmadhatu) chos dbyings ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ chö ying
become fully evident mngon du gyur pa མངོན་དུ་གྱུར་པ་ ngön du jūr pa
beyond characterization or expression mtshon brjod las ’das pa མཚོན་བརྗོད་ལས་འདས་པ་ tsön jö lay day pa
beyond description, imagination, or expression smra bsam brjod las ’das pa སྨྲ་བསམ་བརྗོད་ལས་འདས་པ་ ma sam jö lay day pa
bias, distinction ris རིས་ ree
body, speech, and mind sgo gsum སྒོ་གསུམ་ go sum
boundless, unlimited mtha’ yas, mtha’ med མཐའ་ཡས་ མཐའ་མེད་ ta yay, ta may
calm abiding zhi gnas ཞི་གནས་ zhi nay
cannot be characterized mtshan ma med pa མཚན་མ་མེད་པ་ tsen ma may pa


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
Category of Direct Transmission man ngag sde མན་ངག་སྡེ men ngak day
Category of Expanse klong sde ཀློང་སྡེ་ long day
Category of Mind sems sde སེམས་སྡེ་ sem day
cause and effect / result, causality rgyu ’bras རྒྱུ་འབྲས་ ju dray
cessation ’gog pa འགོག་པ་ gōk pa
characteristics mtshan nyid, mtshan ma མཚན་ཉིད་ མཚན་མ་ tsen nyi, tsen ma
clarity gsal ba གསལ་བ་ sal wa
clear distinction shan 'byed ཤན་འབྱེད་ shen jay
cleared away sangs སངས་ sang
clearly apparent without truly existing med pa gsal snang མེད་པ་གསལ་སྣང་ may pa sal nang
complete evenness phyam phyam ཕྱམ་ཕྱམ་ cham cham
composite, compounded 'dus byas འདུས་བྱས་ dü jay
conceptual mind yid ཡིད་ yi
concerted effort bya rtsol བྱ་རྩོལ་ ja tsol
conditioned existence and the state of peace srid zhi སྲིད་ཞི་ si zhi
conduct spyod pa སྤྱོད་པ་ chö pa
confirmed or refuted grub bsal གྲུབ་བསལ་ drūp sal
confusion ’khrul pa འཁྲུལ་པ་ trūl pa
consciousness rnam shes, shes pa རྣམ་ཤེས་ ཤེས་པ nam shay, shay pa
consciousness as the ground of all ordinary experience kun gzhi’i rnam shes ཀུན་གཞིའི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ kūn zhee nam shay
consummate thar thug pa ཐར་ཐུག་པ་ tar tūk pa
consummation thar phyin pa ཐར་ཕྱིན་པ་ tar chin pa
continuous 'gag med, ma 'gags pa འགག་མེད་ མ་འགགས་པ་ gak may, mon gak pa
continuum of being lu gu gyud ལུ་གུ་གྱུད་ lu gu jü
continuum gyud གྱུད་
conventional designation tha snyad ཐ་སྙད་ ta nyay
cutting through solidity khregs chod ཁྲེགས་ཆོད་ trek chö


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
decisive experience (come to a) Example Example
definitive conclusion (reach a) Example Example
definitive meaning Example Example
direct experience Example Example
direct introduction Example Example
direct perception / experience Example Example
discern the implication Example Example
discerning timeless awareness Example Example
dispel constraints Example Example
display Example Example
distillation, vital essence Example Example
distinction, classification Example Example
do not come together or separate Example Example
domain, range, Example Example
environment dualistic perception(s) Example Example
dynamic energy Example Example
effort and achievement Example Example
effort and striving Example Example
eight avenues of consciousness Example Example
elaboration elicited in all its nakedness Example Example
embrace the larger scope Example Example
embraced Example Example
emptiness la bzla ba

gtan la ’bebs pa nges don carphogtu ngo sprod mngon sum ’gag bsdams pa so sor rtog pa’i ye shes ’phrang bsal rol pa bcud dbye ba du dral med pa yul, spyod yul gzung ’dzin, gnyis Mzin. gnyis snang rtsal rtsol sgrub ’bad rtsol tshogs brgyad spros pa rjen la bud pa chings su being ba beings pa, ’dus pa stong pa nyid

la da wa

ten la bep pa ngay don charpōktu ngo trö ngön sūm gak dam pa so sor tōk pay ye shay trang sal rōl pa chü ye wa du dral may pa yūl,chö yūl zung dzin, nyee dzin, nyee nang tsal tsōl drūp bay tsōl tsōk gyay trö pa jen la bü pa ching su ching wa ching pa, dü pa tōng pa nyi


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
empty yet lucid Example Example
encompassed Example Example
enlightened activity / action / deed Example Example
enlightened dimension Example Example
enlightened intent Example Example
enlightened mind Example Example
enlightened perspective Example Example
enlightened speech enlightenment Example Example
ensured Example Example
environment, place Example Example
equalness (state of) Example Example
essence (of being) Example Example
evanescent Example Example
evidence Example Example
evident Example Example
exaggeration and underestimation, misinterpretation Example Example
existence Example Example
expand into evenness Example Example
expanse Example Example
expressions of emptiness Example Example
extreme Example Example
fade away Example Example
final resolution Example Example
fixation Example Example
fixed construct Example Example
four methods of resting Example Example
framework, frame of reference Example Example
free, freedom Example Example
free of anything needing to be done stong gsal ’khyil ba

phrin las sku dgongs pa thugs snang ba gsung byang chub grub pa gnas mnyam panyid ngo bo yal ba rtags gsal ba sgro skur yod pa phyam gdal klong tòng sal chil wa trin lay ku gòng pa tūk nang wa sung jang chūp drūp pa nay nyam pa nyi ngo wo

yal wa

tak sal wa drō kur yö pa cham dal long töng zūk ta, chōk, ree yal wa pu tak chay pa zhen dzin tay dzin zhak tap zhi mik pa drōl wa ja dral stong ,gzugs phyogs, ris yal ba phu thag bead pa zhen ’dzin gtad ’dzin gzhag thabs bzhi dmigs pa Jgrol ba


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
free of restrictions Example Example
free in their own place Example Example
freedom in immediate perception Example Example
freedom in oneness Example Example
fruition Example Example
fully embraced / encompassed Example Example
fundamental nature (of being) Example Example
fundamentally unconditioned Example Example
genuine, what has genuine meaning Example Example
great perfection (approach) Example Example
ground of all ordinary experience Example Example
ground for all that arises Example Example
ground (of being), matrix Example Example
ground of being as basic space Example Example
ground of being manifesting as sensory appearances Example Example
habitual pattern Example Example
has never existed Example Example
heart drop Example Example
heart essence Example Example
identifiable essence Example Example
identify Example Example
identity Example Example
illumination rgya grol

rang sar grol ba cer grol gcig drol ’bras bu ’ub chub khams gshis rnal ma rdzogschen kun gzhi ’char gzhi gzhi gzhi dbyings gzhi snang bag chags ma grub pa snying thig snying po

ja drōl

rang sar drōl wa cher dròl chik drōl dray bu ūpchūp kham shee nal ma dzōk chen kūn zhi char zhee zhi zhi ying zhi nang bak chak ma drūp pa nying tik nying po ngo wo ngö zung ngo zung wa ö, nang, sal

ngo bo ngos gzung ngo bzung ba bda,g snang, gsal


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
immediate perception imputation Example Example
in direct response to Example Example
in the immediacy of Example Example
in its / their own right in light of inconceivable indescribable indeterminate indivisible, not subject Example Example
to extremes ineffable, ineffability inexpressible Example Example
infinite Example Example
infinite evenness infinitely pervasive inherently pristine innate clarity / Example Example
limpidity innate (state of) Example Example
immediacy inner glow intangible interdependent Example Example
connection investigate Example Example
knowing quality, knowledge Example Example
knowing quality of timeless awareness Example Example
label, name Example Example
laxity and agitation level (of realization), Example Example
state Example Example
level of truth limitation, limit cer mthong btags pa

thog tu thogtu rang mtshan du ngor bsam med brjod med ma nges pa, nges med ris med med pa brjod med byams klas pa phyam gdal / brdal khyab gdal / brdal rang sangs ngang dvangs thog babs mdangs mthong med rten ’brel dpyod pa shes pa mkhyen pa’i ye shes ming bying rgod sa yang dag sa mtha’,phyogs

cher tōng tak pa

tōk tu tōk tu rang tsen du ngor sam may jö may ma ngay pa, ngay may ree may may pa jö may jam lay pa cham dal chap dal rang sang ngang dang tōk bap dang tōng may ten drel chö pa shay pa khyen pay ye shay ming jing gö sa yang dak sa ta, chōk


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
limpid, limpid clarity lucidity Example Example
luminous, illuminating Example Example
magical / miraculous display, magical expression Example Example
manifest yet nonexistent Example Example
master of awareness meaning (ultimate) meditation Example Example
(cultivate in) meditative Example Example
absorption meditative Example Example
experience meditative stability mind (ordinary) mind itself mindstream mirrorlike timeless Example Example
awareness mode of freedom Example Example
natural attribute natural condition natural freedom natural great Example Example
perfection Example Example
natural mind natural place natural place Example Example
/ state / Example Example
state of rest Example Example
naturally clear / evident dvangs gsal ba

’od cho ’phrul medsnang rig ’dzin don sgom pa ting nge ’dzin nyams bsam gtan sems sems nyid rgyud me long Ita bu’i ye shes grol lugs rang chas babs rang grol rang bzhin rdzogs pa chen po rang sems rang sa, rang so rang mal rang gsal med snang

dang sal wa

chom trūl may nang rik dzin dön gōm pa ting ngay dzin nyam sam ten sem sem nyi jü me long ta bui ye shay drōllūk rang chay bap rang drōl rang zhin dzōk pa chen po rang sem rang sa, rang so rang mal rang sal may nang


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
naturally occurring naturally settled, settled Example Example
in its own place nature (of being) nature of mind nondual nonexistence nonrecognition Example Example
(of awareness) nonreferential Example Example
not made or unmade not subject to bias Example Example
or division Example Example
objects of the phenomenal world Example Example
omnipresent Example Example
one taste Example Example
oneness Example Example
one’s perception of Example Example
sense objects open avenue open dimension openness ordinary Example Example
consciousness ordinary mental Example Example
processes original purity origination own mode own place Example Example
perceive perceiver perception perspective phenomenon rang byung

rang babs rang bzhin sems kyi rang bzhin gnyis med med pa ma rig pa dmigs med ’du ’bral med pa phyogs ris med pa choscan spyi blugs ro gcig gcig pu snang yul sgo ma ’gags pa go skabs phyal ba bio byung tshor ka dag skye ba rang lugs rang sa / so ’dzin pa, mthong ba yulcan snang ba snang ba chos

rangjūng

rang bop rang zhin sem chi rang zhin nyee may may pa ma rik pa mik may du dral may pa chōk ree may pa chö chen chi lūk ro chik chik pu nang yul go mon gak pa go kap chal wa lo jūng tsor ka dak chay wa ranglūk rang sa / so dzin pa, töng wa yūl chen nang wa nang wa chö


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
pith instructions pivotal (point) plans and actions positive
positive and negative primordial Example Example
pristine Example Example
produced, created profound insight pure, innately pure pure perception / Example Example
vision Example Example
qualities (positive / enlightened) Example Example
radiance Example Example
rationale Example Example
reach full expression reactions Example Example
real Example Example
realization recognition, Example Example
recognize Example Example
reference point reflection Example Example
reification Example Example
reifying fixation reject, renounce relative reality / level relax(ed) renunciation and Example Example
acceptance resolution of phenomena resolution of Example Example
phenomena in their true nature man ngag

gnam gzer bya byed bzang po dkar nag, dge sdig gdod ma’i, thog ma’i sangs pa, sangs se ba byas pa lhag mthong dag pa dag snang yon tan gdangs ’thad pa rtsal rdzogs pa spang blang dngos rtogs pa ngo shes gtad so gzugs brnyan ’dzin pa gtad ’dzin pong ba kunrdzob lhug pa spang blang choszad chos nyid zad pa

men ngak

nam zer jajay zang po kar nak,gay dik dö may, tōk may sang pa, sang se wa jay pa lhaktōng dak pa dak nang yön ten dang tay pa tsal dzōk pa pang lang ngö tōk pa ngo shay tay so zūk nyen zin pa tay dzin pōng wa kūn dzōp lhūk pa pang lang chö zay chö nyi zay pa


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
resolve, fall away responsiveness, innate
responsiveness rest Example Example
resting in equipoise resting in the Example Example
immediacy of resting imperturbably, Example Example
imperturbable rest resting imperturbably Example Example
in awareness Example Example
resting imperturbably Example Example
like a mountain resting imperturbably Example Example
like an ocean Example Example
Samantabhadra (Skt.) scope, state, context, Example Example
realm seamless Example Example
self-identity self-knowing Example Example
awareness self-knowing timeless Example Example
awareness Example Example
sense faculties sensory appearances significance Example Example
six avenues of Example Example
consciousness skillful means spacious sphere spontaneous Example Example
fulfillment spontaneous presence stray, deviate zad pa

thugs rje ’jog pa mnyam bzhag cer gzhag cog bzhag rig pa cog gzhag ri bo cog gzhag rgya mtsho cog gzhag kun tu bzang po ngang bar med, bar mtshams med pa gang zag gi bdag rang rig rang rig ye shes dbang po snang ba don tshogs drug thabs yangs pa thig le bya ba grub pa lhun grub g.yo ba

zay pa

tūk jay jōk pa nyam zhak cherzhak chōk zhak rik pa chök zhak ri wo chōk zhak ja tso chōk zhak kūn tu zang po ngang bar may, bar tsam may pa gang zak gi dak rang rik rang rik ye shay wang po nang wa dön tsōk drūk tap yang pa tig lay ja wa drūp pa lhun drūp yo wa


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
subject to restrictions sublime knowing,
knowledge substance, Example Example
(substantial) thing subsumed Example Example
suchness Example Example
sugata (Skt.) sugatagarbha (Skt.), Example Example
buddha nature suppression or Example Example
indulgence surpass Example Example
ten attributes tension or laxity thinking Example Example
(recollection and) thing Example Example
thorough discernment Example Example
thoughts, thought patterns, concepts Example Example
timeless awareness timeless awareness of all that there is Example Example
timeless awareness as the basic space of phenomena Example Example
timeless awareness as equalness Example Example
imeless awareness functioning as cognition Example Example
timeless awareness as spontaneous fulfillment rgya chad

shes rab dngospo ’dus pa de bzhin nyid bde gshegs bde gshegs nying po dgagsgrub zil gyis gnon pa rang bzhin bcu sgrim glod dran bsam chos rnam dpyod rtog pa, rnam rtog ye shes ji snyed mkhyen pa’i ye shes chos dbyings ye shes mnyam nyid ye shes rig byed ye shes bya ba grub pa’i ye shes

a chay

shey rap ngö po dü pa de zhin nyi de shek de shek nying po gak drūp zil jee non pa rang zhin chu drim lö dren sam chö nam chö tōk pa, nam tōk ye shay ji nyay chen pay ye shay chö ying ye shay nyam nyi ye shay rik jay ye shay ja wa drūp pay ye shay


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
timeless awareness of what simply is Example Example
timelessly timelessly and Example Example
ji lta ba mkhyen pa’i ye shes Example Example
ye nas Example Example
ji ta wa chen pay ye shay Example Example
ye nay Example Example
innately present Example Example
total freedom Example Example
total purity Example Example
transmission (scriptural) lung Example Example
true existence, truth true nature Example Example
(of phenomena) Example Example
ultimate level / reality unbiased Example Example
unborn Example Example
unceasing, ceaseless uncompounded, Example Example
noncomposite uncontrived underlying logic understand undistorted, flawless unfettered unhindered uninterrupted Example Example
unique Example Example
uniquely decisive unity of appearance Example Example
nd emptiness unity of awareness Example Example
and emptiness unity beyond union Example Example
or separation universe Example Example
(of appearances and possibilities) yongsdag denp bden pa

yebabs yeba yöng yongs grol yō ng ro lūng ak chos nyid don dam phyogs med skye med 5gag med, ma Jgags pa ’dus ma byas ma bcos pa ’thad pa rtogs pa dri med rgya yan thogs med rgyun chad med pa, bar med nyag gcig gcig chod snang stong rig stong 'du ’bral med pa (snang srid) snod bcud

chö nyi

dön dam chōk may chay may gak may, mon gak pa dü ma jay ma chö pa tay pa tōk pa dri may ja yen tōk may jūn chay may pa, bar may nyak cheek cheek chö nangtōng rik tōng du dral may pa (nang si) nö chü WORD LIST pdda


English Wylie Transliteration Tibetan Pronunciation
unobscured sgrib med སྒྲིབ་མེད་ Example
unobstructed zang thal ཟང་ཐལ་ Example
unpredictable ma nges pa, nges med མ་ངེས་པ,་ངེས་མེད་ Example
unrestricted, without restrictions rgya yan རྒྱ་ཡན་ Example
utter lucidity, utterly lucid ’od gsal འོད་གསལ Example
vanish 'grol ba, yal ba འགྲོལ་བ,་ཡལ་བ Example
vast expanse klong chen ཀློང་ཆེན་ Example
very essence rang ngo, ngo bo nyid, snying po རང་ངོ,་ངོ་བོ་ཉིད,་སྙིང་པོ་ Example
vision, perspective snang ba སྣང་བ་ Example
waver, vacillate g.yo ba གཡོ་བ Example
way of abiding gnas lugs གནས་ལུགས།ཝཡཏོཏིབ&གཏ༏་༑༑་Exཨམཔླེ

༑-

༑་ཝཧོལལཡ་པོསིཏིབེ༹་༑༑་ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་༑༑་&ལཏ༏ཝཡཏོཏིབ&གཏ༏་ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་
Example
without anything needing to be done byar med བྱར་མེད་ Example
without differentiation / division or exclusion dbye bsal med pa དབྱེ་བསལ་མེད་པ་ Example
without finite essence ngo bo med pa ངོ་བོ་མེད་པ་ Example
without independent nature rang bzhin med pa རང་བཞིན་མེད་པ་ Example
without transition or change pho ’gyur med pa ཕོ་འགྱུར་མེད་པ་ Example
without (underlying) basis gzhi med གཞི་མེད་ Example
yoga Example རྣལ་འབྱོར་ Example
yogin rnal 'byor pa རྣལ་འབྱོར་པ་ drip may

zang tal ma ngay pa, ngay may ja yen ö sal drōl wa, yal wa long chen rang ngo, ngo wo nyi, nying po nang wa yo wa nay lūk kūn tu zang po jar may ye sal may pa ngo wo may pa rang zhin may pa pon jūr may pa zhi may nal jor nal jor pa